Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian visited Russia on January 17, 2025, to finalize an extensive cooperation treaty amidst economic difficulties. The agreement encompasses trade, military collaboration, and cultural interchange, as announced by Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov. This trip signifies Pezeshkian's third encounter with Russian President Vladimir Putin since taking office in July 2024. Iran aims to procure sophisticated Russian armaments to enhance its defensive capabilities against potential threats from Israel.